Gasification is the thermochemical conversion of an organic material into a gaseous product (syngas), and a solid product (char). The gasification of biomass is an efficient process to produce power and heat and to produce hydrogen and second-generation biofuels. This article summarizes recent developments on the gasification of non-woody residues. Such residues are relatively cheap and rather abundant but can cause several problems in gasification systems. This review provides an overview of the properties of non-woody residues, describes existing pre-treatments to make these residues more suitable for gasification, summarizes recent studies on gasification of non-woody residues, and lists the research needs.