506 / 2018-12-31 20:42:55

A thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery with copper foam electrodes for low-temperature waste heat recovery: Effect of reactor and electrode design

Thermally Regenerative Ammonia-based Battery, Maximal Power, Mass Transfer, Electrode Porosity, Flow Rate

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Thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery (TRAB) is a new and promising approach for electrical energy recovery from low-temperature waste heat. The reactor and electrode design would influence mass transfer and power generation. To promote the power production, reactor design, electrode pore and flow rate were investigated in this study. With respect to reactor design, two-chamber TRAB with a flow resulted in a 27.3% increase in maximal power (16.8 mW) compared that without a flow. A further approximately 16.1% increase in maximal power generation was observed in a flat-plate TRAB using serpentine flow field with a flow-over or a flow-through design. The maximal power generation (24.7 mW) was found in TRAB with flow-through design by removing the flow field. In addition, TRAB with flow-through design and without flow field obtained the highest total charge (1260 C), the highest energy density (818.2 Wh/m3) and the highest anode coulombic efficiency (40%). Considering the electrode surface area and mass transfer, the increasing electrode pore led to a firstly increase and later decrease in the maximal power and an optimal pore size was found at a pore density of 100 PPI. As to electrode flow rate, the maximal power significantly increased under a flow rate of 15 ml/min and minor change was observed in a further increase of flow rate.