187 / 2021-04-05 19:58:45

铝合金6061超声滚压表面纳米化特性研究

超声滚压 粗糙度 晶粒度 残余应力

摘要：为了研究不同工艺对铝合金6061表面粗糙度、表面晶粒度、表面残余应力的影响，考虑了滚压次数、主轴转速、进给速度、静压力四个因素对表面特性的影响开展了超声滚压加工实验研究。利用白光干涉仪、DM4M光学显微镜、钻孔法分别对表面粗糙度、表面晶粒度、表面残余应力进行测量。实验结果表明：超声滚压加工后材料表面粗糙度降低到原来的1/10，表面粗糙度随滚压次数的增大先减小后增大，随主轴转速的增大而增大，随进给速度的增大先缓慢增大后急剧增大，随静压力的增大先趋于平缓后急剧增大。表面残余应力由拉应力变为压应力，最大压应力可达到-650MPa，最大压应力层可达到0.8mm，表面残余压应力随着滚压次数的增多而增大，随着静压力的增大而增大；表面晶粒度随滚压次数的增大而增大，随静压力的增大而增大，随进给速度的增大而减小，随主轴转速的增大而增大。最大晶粒度为1.466。本文可为铝合金6061表面纳米化研究和制备工艺提供一定的参考意义。

Abstract

In order to study the effects of different processes on the surface roughness, surface grain size and surface residual stress of aluminum alloy 6061, an experimental study of ultrasonic rolling processing was carried out considering the effects of four factors on the surface characteristics: rolling times, spindle speed, feed rate and static pressure. The surface roughness, surface grain size and surface residual stress were measured by using white light interferometer, DM4M optical microscope and drilling method. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of the material is reduced to 1/10 of the original one after ultrasonic rolling processing, the surface roughness decreases and then increases with the increase of rolling times, increases with the increase of spindle speed, increases slowly and then increases sharply with the increase of feed speed, and tends to level off and then increases sharply with the increase of static pressure. The surface residual stress changes from tensile stress to compressive stress, the maximum compressive stress can reach -650MPa, the maximum compressive stress layer can reach 0.8mm, the surface residual compressive stress increases with the increase of rolling times, and increases with the increase of static pressure; the surface grain size increases with the increase of rolling times, increases with the increase of static pressure, decreases with the increase of feed speed, and increases with the increase of spindle speed. The maximum grain size is 1.4 mm. The maximum grain size is 1.466. This paper can provide some reference significance for the research and preparation process of aluminum alloy 6061 surface nanosizing.