With the large-scale access of electric vehicles to the distribution network in residential areas, the load of the distribution network increases significantly, which affects its safe and reliable operation. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for the planning of charging facilities and distribution networks in residential areas by analyzing the electric vehicle charging load acceptance capacity of the distribution network in residential areas. Firstly, a mathematical model for the analysis of the charging load acceptance capacity of the distribution network in the residential area is established, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the maximum acceptance capacity. The simulation adopts the IEEE-33 node calculation example to optimize the distribution network. The optimization results prove the feasibility of this method to analyze the charging load capacity of electric vehicles in the distribution network in residential areas.