142 / 2023-08-22 19:48:40

Thinking and Practice of New Mine Surveying

mining surveying, 3D real-scene, intelligent surveying and mapping, intelligent mining, new mining surveying

Mine surveying is an applied science that emerged and developed from surveying and mining practices, with a long history. The main task of traditional mine surveying is to establish accurate measurement and control systems above and below the well or open pit, accurately calibrate the geometric relationships of various engineering projects according to design requirements, timely and accurately map various mining maps, observe and study the basic laws of surface and rock movement caused by mining, and provide reliable surveying and mapping data for the preparation of production and construction plans, coal mining under buildings, water bodies and railways, and reasonable reservation of coal pillars.

With the development and application of GNSS, GIS, and RS technologies, the basic tasks and research directions of mining surveying have expanded to six fields, the application and research and development of 3S and computer technology, monitoring and prevention of mining subsidence and deformation, mining and underground engineering measurement technology and instrument equipment, and ecological environment monitoring in mining areas, land reclamation and ecological restoration, collection of mineral information, drawing of mineral maps, analysis and evaluation of mineral economy, mining surveying regulations and education.

The geomatics is comprehensively promoting new basic surveying and mapping work. From digital surveying to intelligent surveying, 3D real-scene is a standardized product of new basic surveying, providing a unified spatial foundation. Its technical feature is from abstraction to reality, from plane to three-dimensional, from static to dynamic, from human understanding to human-machine compatibility understanding, etc.

Intelligent mining is an important goal and task for the intelligent development of coal mines. Its main tasks include promoting technological innovation and improving the level of intelligent technology and equipment; Accelerate the intelligent transformation of coal mines and enhance the level of coal mine intelligence; Implementing green mining construction to promote coordinated development of the ecological environment; Promote the application of new generation information technology and build intelligent platforms at different levels; Explore new service models and continuously extend the industrial chain; Accelerate talent cultivation and improve technical capabilities. Build intelligent demonstration coal mines of various types and modes, form an information transmission and automated operation technology system for the main links of coal mine development design, geological guarantee, production, safety, etc., and basically achieve the reduction of personnel and efficiency in the excavation face, the operation of few or no personnel in the fully mechanized mining face, and unmanned and remote monitoring of fixed positions in underground and open-pit coal mines.

Mining surveying has entered a new era. The new era of mining surveying has become an important foundational work in intelligent mining perception, digital twinning of intelligent mining working faces, mineral resource development, safety production guarantee, geohazards monitoring, and ecological environment restoration. Compared to traditional mining surveying and mining surveying in the era of 3S technology, the new era of mining surveying technology and services has various new contents and is a new type of mining surveying. The task and research of new mining surveying have been expanded to integrated application of geospatial information technology, integrated surveying and mapping and underground multi technology combination positioning and measurement, mining maps geospatial databases and smart mining spatiotemporal information service platforms, 3D real scene and digital twin mines and intelligent mining scene perception and geographic spatiotemporal information services, monitoring and prevention of mining subsidence and geohazards, mining and underground surveying instruments and equipment, assessment and restoration of ecological environment in mining areas, management and coordinated development of regional mineral resources, etc. The main tasks of the new type of mining surveying are GNSS ground enhancement system (reference station), high-precision refined quasi geoid in mining areas, unmanned aerial vehicle ground control points and image control points, satellite geosensor sensing network geohazards precise monitoring and warning system, real scene 3D mines, mining surface engineering and underground mine surveying, unmanned high-precision maps in open-pit mines, high-precision underground positioning and inertial navigation system, a fully spatial perception and real-time geographic information service system for mining working faces and mining spatial database and a smart mining spatiotemporal information platform.

Understanding the importance of new mining surveying, developing new mining surveying technologies, and promoting new mining surveying application services are challenges and important tasks that we are facing. This article introduces the practice of new mine surveying from five aspects, digital mines and smart mines, collaborative precision monitoring and early warning services for geohazards in mining areas using satellite geosensor network, multi field geographic information representation and spatiotemporal process analysis of geohazards in mining areas, high-resolution satellite remote sensing geohazards feature analysis and recognition, and global open-pit mine satellite remote sensing image datasets.