47 / 2023-03-30 15:21:50

Space-based and Ground-based Multi-source Data Fusion for Mine Deformation Monitoring

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)，ground-based InSAR, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), mine deformation

The dynamic monitoring of surface deformation in coal mine is an important aspect of mine environment restoration, comprehensive management and sustainable development of the regional economy and society, which is related to human life and property safety in mining area. Therefore, it is critical for disaster monitoring and prediction of surface displacement and analyzing the inner mechanism of geological disasters. Traditional geodetic surveying technique including leveling and GPS, can obtain a high measurement accuracy. Especially, GNSS monitoring stations have a high temporal resolution of deformation and absolute coordinates in a global or national reference frame by solving satellite signals. However, it is challenging to monitor large-area ground deformation. At the same time, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is paid attention to because of its characteristics of all-day, all-weather working ability and strong signal penetration ability. There are many developing algorithms of InSAR technique such as persistent scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR), small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR), differential InSAR (D-InSAR). These methods can extract a larger coverage and higher spatial resolution of deformation processing SAR images. Meanwhile, the accuracy of InSAR is limited to the resolution of SAR images, which is not good at generating a defined boundary of coal mining area ant obtaining an absolute points position. The research on integrating multi-source data of InSAR, GNSS and other data sensors, is to be developed.

The paper focuses on key technical points of integrating space SAR images, UAVs, ground-InSAR and Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS). First, we design a whole scheme of multi-source data integration. Second, we analyze and establish a unified datum to merge various data due to the difference among each data with a different coordinate system. Then, a method of UAVs deformation boundary correction are investigated to refine the mining deformation boundary extracted by InSAR. Finally, the mine deformation monitoring technology of SAR satellite deformation area identification, UAV boundary refinement, ground-based InSAR deformation extraction and Beidou absolute position correction is studied, and the intelligent monitoring and early warning system of active identification, automatic refinement, accurate extraction and coordinate correction of mine deformation is realized. The results show that InSAR, UAVs, ground-based InSAR and BDS data can be fused to identify, monitor and predict the mine deformation. The application of developed system is successful for mine deformation applications and the performance is better than any unique data and more suitable for mine leadership decision-making. The integrated technique and developed system can be extended to other mine deformation applications nationwide.