The melting and settlement of the soil caused by the thawing of permafrost will lead to the occurrence of engineering diseases. There are few studies on the thawing process of permafrost under variable load conditions and high-temperature thawing conditions. In this paper, the thawing process of permafrost under high temperature thawing conditions is studied, a one-dimensional thawing thermal consolidation model of permafrost was established, it provides a more accurate theoretical basis for the design and construction of permafrost engineering, the analytical and numerical solutions were derived, and the effects of soil properties, moisture content and heating temperature on multiple factors in the process of permafrost thawing were analyzed through experiments. The results show: the melting and sedimentation of soil increases with the increase of moisture content and heating temperature, and the empirical formula of melting sedimentation during the high-temperature one-dimensional melting process of permafrost under different conditions is obtained by software fitting, the energy obtained decreases with the increase of moisture content, the characteristic melting time decreases with the increase of heating temperature and increases with the increase of moisture content. During the melting process, the moisture content in the lower region increased, while the middle and upper regions decreased. It provides an important reference for the safety and stability assessment of permafrost engineering, helps to optimize the structural design of permafrost engineering, and is of great significance to ensure the long-term stable operation of infrastructure.