11 / 2023-12-16 04:24:20

Management Modeling of Urama Wetland, Venezuela

wetlands,wetland management,tropical wetlands

This article presents, as a novelty, a proposal for management modeling of  Urama wetland, Venezuela. The model is based on the combination of the components and criteria established in the 4th Strategic Plan 2016 – 2024 of the RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands with Bloom’s Taxonomy. The results of the qualitative analysis contributed to establishing the scope of the degree of commitment of Latin countries through the proposed wetland management strategic plan (WMSP) and its implementation demonstrated at the 13th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties. The proposed wetland management model constitutes a tool to contribute with an integral wetland management model index, resulting of the weighting of the indexes associated with the Bloom Taxonomy in five levels that included knowledge, comprehension, application, evaluation and creation, which were influenced by the implementation in the Latin-countries of targets linked to the goals of a RAMSAR-WMSP. The tropical wetland management model was achieved taking into the WMSPs of eighteen (18) Latin-countries. The techniques applied to interpret the WMSPs have largely been applied in various studies as the Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) matrix, Boom’s Taxonomy and the Geographical Information System (GIS).  A tool consisting of a multiple criteria model matrix was generated that allowed assigning a weight that represents the degree to which each Latin-country complied with the WMSPs for detecting the scope in five levels or stages, which were established as the basis of the Bloom Taxonomy (knowledge, comprehension, application, evaluation and creation).  It was found  that  the highest level of WMSP implementation is executed by Mexico (Latin America) and Spain (Europe) followed by Costa Rica (High), Honduras and Panama (Central-America) and  Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile (South-America) in the medium level, and Guatemala, El Salavador, Nicaragua (Central-America), Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina (South-America) in the low level. The results obtained were validated due to the declaration given by each country in the RAMSAR events on evaluation of compliance with the WMSPs celebrated in recent years.  The tropical wetland management model proposes a tool to assess at the unit level of complying for the WMSPs for a particular country. In addition, to detect the scopes or gaps that must be complemented by comparing them with other countries, as a result of this relative positioning, to define objectives and make action plans by complementing or covering in the design and fulfillment of the WMSPs for each country