X-ray transmission gratings are extensively utilized wavelength dispersion elements in inertial confinement fusion and X-ray astronomy fields due to their high alignment error tolerances, low weight and small size. However, the high transmittance of the grating bars in the hard x-ray range can cause low efficiency of all other diffraction orders except for straight through zero order. We propose a blazed refraction grating in the hard X-ray range that combines the advantages of transmission gratings and compound refraction lenses for the first time, and demonstrate its superior performance in high broadband efficiency through compound refraction and diffraction from nanometer-scale periodic arrays of silicon prisms using beam propagation method and Fresnel diffraction simulation. This research develops blaze methods in gratings design and provides a new solution for compact and sensitive spectrum measurement in hard X-ray range.
 

grating,plasma diagnosis