Inverse photoemission spectroscopy analysis is an important method that can be used to study the electronic structure of the surface of materials. It can obtain the conduction band structure of the material. Combined with photoemission spectroscopy analysis, complete electronic structure information can be obtained. Therefore, the it can be an important scientific instrument for characterizing the fine electronic structure of materials in all energy bands. In recent years, with the continuous development of materials science and surface physics, the demand for highly sensitive and high-resolution inverse photoemission spectroscopy has been increasing. At the same time, the development of inverse photoemission spectroscopy apparatus has also experienced significant development and progress, and significant progress has been made in improving resolution and extending the energy spectrum range. This article first introduces the basic theory of inverse photoemission spectroscopy analysis, then focuses on the development of existing inverse photoemission spectroscopy apparatus, and finally looks forward to the future research focus of inverse photoemission spectroscopy to provide reference for subsequent related research.

inverse photoemission spectroscopy,unoccupied electronic states,surface analysis,low energy