66 / 2024-10-24 20:57:14

The establishment of an indirect ELISA method for the detection of antibody levels in early and late ASFV infection

African swine fever is a highly infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus infecting domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV is a double stranded DNA virus with an envelope and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family and the genus Asfivirus. The clinical manifestations are high fever, depression, level in pigs, judge the infection status of pig herds, and help to formulate more effective prevention and control measures for African swine fever.Studies have shown that viral protein p72, and, p30 are the two most important antigenic proteins that can trigger humoral immune responses during ASFV infection. The p72 antibody can prevent ASFV from binding to macrophages, and the corresponding antigenic epitopes of anti p72 protein antibodies induced by African swine fever virus strains are highly conserved. The expression of p30 indicates that ASFV has entered the host cell and shed its shell, which is a sign of early gene expression in the virus. Therefore, p30 is often used as the main antigen for ELISA (enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay) detection in ASFV detection.Given that current ASFV antibody detection methods in veterinary clinical practice typically target only one antibody, either p30 or p72, there is a lack of methods capable of simultaneously detecting antibodies to early and late infections. In this study, a p72Δ-p30 fusion protein was used as the coating antigen to establish an ELISA method. This method is characterized by its rapidness, specificity, and sensitivity, and can effectively detect antibody levels during both. early and late stages of ASFV infection. When used in clinical diagnosis, it can accurately assess the persistent infection status of pig herds with ASFV. This provides a scientific basis for the development of ASFV diagnostic reagents and the formulation of ASF prevention and control measures.