Delayed Feedback Adaptation of Virtual Sensor Reliability Under Recurrent Target Outages
编号:166
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更新:2026-10-19 18:04:32 浏览:17次
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摘要
When a physical target becomes unavailable, a virtual sensor can continue predicting, but current truth and realized error are also unavailable. Runtime reliability must therefore be estimated from target-free evidence rather than verified during the outage. We study a frozen random-forest (RF) virtual sensor whose separate reliability mapping combines RF tree dispersion with Mahalanobis out-of-distribution (OOD) distance. After target recovery, delayed truth can update this evidence-to-reliability mapping for future outages only, without retraining the predictor or revising completed outputs. On the Tetouan City Power Consumption dataset, we evaluated recurrent simulated target outages in a held-out future region using predeclared schedules and experimental tolerances. Compared with static reliability, direct evidence adaptation reduced the equal-tolerance Brier score by 0.0228 and empirical area under the risk-coverage curve by 0.1957; both schedule-bootstrap 95% confidence intervals excluded zero. Improvements were concentrated at medium and relaxed tolerances, whereas strict-tolerance Brier score and AURC worsened. Delayed recovery feedback can therefore improve aggregate probabilistic reliability estimation and selective use without retraining the virtual sensor, but its benefit is tolerance dependent.
关键词
Virtual sensing,Reliability estimation,Delayed feedback,Target outage,Selective prediction
稿件作者
GEZHI ZHAO
Multimedia University
Yi-Fei Tan
Multimedia University
Hezerul Bin Abdul Karim
Multimedia University
CHING KING CHIA
TM/TMR&D
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