In high-altitude, low-temperature environments, aircraft surfaces are prone to icing that significantly degrades aerodynamic performance, while ground radar electromagnetic detection exposes the aircraft and threatens flight safety. We propose a CNT/WPU composite film with gradient structure and patterned design, enabling optimized electrothermal anti-/de-icing and wave-transparent performance. In this paper, the heated area of the patterned gradient CNT/WPU film was only 15.9%, while simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the patterned gradient CNT/WPU film exhibited excellent broadband wave-transparent performance in the 2-18 GHz frequency band, with a transmittance reaching 88% in the 2-4 GHz band. Furthermore, the patterned gradient CNT/WPU film attached to the surface of a typical scaled NACA0012 airfoil achieved complete ice detachment after 60 s of film heating at an input power density of 0.5 W/cm² and an ambient temperature of -5 °C, while maintaining an average transmittance of about 80%. This work proposes a coupling strategy between electrothermal anti/de-icing performance and wave transmittance, which is important for promoting the development of integrated structures with anti/de-icing and wave-transparent capabilities.
 

Thin film,Electrothermal properties,Coupling strategy,Anti-/de-icing,Wave-transparent