探冕计划——恒星系统的极紫外探测

空间天气探源计划（探冕计划）将在同一颗卫星平台上实现对太阳和晚型恒星的同步观测，以揭示太阳系内外空间天气的源头——日冕和星冕的物理性质及爆发规律。卫星拟工作在720 km左右高度的太阳同步轨道，以实现全天候、不间断的日冕观测；同时，通过二维转台实现对一些近邻恒星的指向和跟踪，以对星冕开展长期、连续的观测。通过搭载日面极紫外光谱仪（含积分光谱仪和多缝光谱仪）、极紫外光谱日冕仪、恒星极紫外光谱仪、恒星极紫外测光望远镜等载荷，该计划将在三个方面取得重要突破：第一，通过首次开展全日面视场的日冕光谱观测，刻画日冕外流和爆发的源区特性，推动太阳系空间天气的精准预报；第二，通过填补当前太阳系外极紫外探测的空白，探明星冕爆发规律，从而开拓太阳系外空间天气的新疆域；第三，通过对太阳和其他恒星同步开展点源极紫外探测，并结合模型，建立空间天气影响行星宜居性的新认知，为解答“人类在宇宙中是否孤独”这一重大问题提供重要线索。

关键词  极紫外辐射 日冕 星冕 空间天气 行星宜居性


Coronal Explorer for our Sun and nearby Stars

We propose to launch the first extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) space science mission in China to explore the sources of space weather both within and beyond the solar system, specifically the solar and stellar coronae. The primary scientific objects of this mission, Coronal Explorer for our Sun and nearby Stars (CESS), are as follows: (1) Characterize the physical properties of the source regions of solar coronal outflows and eruptions through full-disk EUV spectroscopy of the Sun; (2) Detect stellar coronal eruptions through long-term EUV photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the coronae of selected nearby late-type stars; (3) Explore the role of space weather in the formation of a habitable world through point-source EUV observations of the Sun and other stars. To fulfill these scientific goals, the spacecraft will be equipped with four key science payloads: an EUV solar-disk spectrometer (comprising a Sun-as-a-star spectrometer and a multi-slit spectrometer with a full-disk field of view), an EUV spectroscopic coronagraph, a stellar EUV spectrometer and a stellar EUV photometer. The CESS mission will contribute to the precise prediction of space weather in the solar system, uncover the origin of exoplanetary space weather, and offer crucial clues for the search for extraterrestrial life.

Key words   Extreme ultraviolet radiation, Solar corona, Stellar coronae, Space weather, Planetary habitability
 

极紫外,太阳,恒星,空间天气,宜居性