In accordance with the law, the State as the owner of mineral resources, mineral resources are considered as “common-property resources” in China. In this paper, from the common-property view, we develop a conceptual schema for arraying mineral rights regimes that distinguishes among diverse bundles of rights ranging from owner, to deputy, to proprietor and to authorized group. We apply this conceptual schema to analyze the relationship of outcomes, mineral rights and incentives and indicate the significance of clear and complete mineral rights in market economic system.