Within the Structural Equation Modeling framework, this study aims to test the direct and indirect effects of morphological awareness to reading ability in Chinese middle school students. Based on the exploration of direct contribution of English morphological awareness to vocabulary knowledge, lexical inferencing ability and reading comprehension in Chinese middle school students, a comprehensive model and two submodels are constructed. The study firstly adopts the comprehensive model(including all four interested variables ) to explore the direct effects of English morphological awareness to reading ability after controlling vocabulary knowledge and lexical inference. On the premise of direct effects, other two submodels(vocabulary knowledge or lexical inferencing ability is included as the single mediator in the morphological awareness-reading relationship) are employed to discover that morphological awareness makes significant indirect effects after adjusting for vocabulary knowledge and lexical inferencing ability. The study utilizes questionnaires and spoken interview to investigate the direct and indirect effects of English morphological awareness to reading ability.